?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F8976%2F&rft.title=Making+Single-cell+Electroporation+with+Microelectrodes+Predictable+and+Reproducible.&rft.creator=Lambie%2C+Bradley+Alan&rft.description=Electroporation+is+the+creation+of+transient+pores+in+a+membrane+by+the+application+of+an+external+electric+field.+When+using+microelectrodes%2C+which+can+be+used+to+electroporate+single-cells%2C+for+applying+an+electric+field+to+the+cell%2C+there+is+a+question+of+how+much+voltage+to+apply.+Unlike+in+bulk+electroporation+where+hundreds+of+volts+may+be+applied+between+electrodes%2C+a+rather+small+voltage+is+applied+to+a+microelectrode+in+single-cell+electroporation.+In+the+single-cell+experiment+with+microelectrodes%2C+a+substantial+fraction+of+the+voltage+does+not+exist+in+solution+because+it+is+lost+at+the+microelectrode%2Fsolution+interface.+This+problem+is+the+same+as+the+classical+electrochemist's+problem+of+knowing+the+'iR'+drop+in+solution+and+correcting+for+it+to+obtain+true+interfacial+potential+differences.+Therefore%2C+we+have+used+current+interruption+experiments+to+determine+the+iR+drop+in+solution+near+microelectrodes.+Because+the+electric+field+produced+by+microelectrodes+is+inhomogeneous%2C+computer+simulations+were+preformed+to+understand+the+electric+field+distribution.+Results+of+the+current+interruption+are+validated+by+comparing+two+independent+measurements+of+the+resistance+in+solution%3A+one+value+results+from+the+measured+iR+drop+in+conjunction+with+the+known+applied+current.+The+other+value+results+from+a+measured+solution+conductivity+and+a+computer+simulated+cell+constant.+This+paper+shows+how+to+calculate+the+approximate+current+required+to+electroporate+a+cell+with+a+microelectrode+of+a+particular+size%2C+shape+and+distance+from+the+cell.+Carbon+fiber+microelectrodes+were+used+to+electroporate+single+A549+cells+using+the+current+calculated.&rft.date=2010-09-30&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F8976%2F1%2FBLambie2010.pdf&rft.identifier=++Lambie%2C+Bradley+Alan++(2010)+Making+Single-cell+Electroporation+with+Microelectrodes+Predictable+and+Reproducible.++Doctoral+Dissertation%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++