@unpublished{pittir8328,
           month = {September},
           title = {Point-Of-Care Sensors for Diabetes and Myocardial Ischemia},
          author = {Justin Thomas Baca},
            year = {2007},
        keywords = {Analytical Chemistry; Clinical Studies; Electrospray Ionization; Mass Spectrometry; Nickel Binding Affinity; Polyacrylamide Hydrogel; Tear Fluid Collection},
             url = {http://d-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu/8328/},
        abstract = {Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, and over 20 million people in this country currently have diabetes. We have developed new analytical methods that have the potential to improve the monitoring and detection of these diseases. Our work enables point-of-care sensing for biochemical markers of these diseases, advancing the non-invasive monitoring of diabetes and the rapid detection of myocardial ischemia. Close monitoring of blood glucose concentration is critical in the management of diabetes. A recent approach to non-invasive monitoring is to measure glucose concentration in tear fluid. However, the relationship between tear and blood glucose concentration is poorly understood. We have developed an analytical method for determining tear glucose concentration, and have used it to help better define the correlation between tear and blood glucose in both fasting and non-fasting human subjects. We also reviewed the tear glucose literature from the last 80 years, and have used our method to help explain some of the discrepancies reported. This work will aid in developing contact lens-based sensors for tear glucose, and may help to decrease or eliminate finger-stick testing.The definitive detection of myocardial ischemia is difficult. While some patients are sent home with an undetected heart attack, many are unnecessarily admitted to the hospital, costing the medical system {\texttt{\char126}}\$12 billion a year. The Cobalt Binding Assay is a test that has shown promise in ruling out myocardial ischemia. However it is limited by the need to access a central clinical chemistry laboratory. We have developed a Polymerized Crystalline Colloidal Array (PCCA) sensor that could be used at the bedside to rapidly detect myocardial ischemia. This sensor uses photonic crystal and hydrogel technology to actuate a color change in response to metal cation binding affinity changes indicative of ischemia. Specifically, the sensors monitor a decrease in the binding affinity of human plasma for metals such as Ni2+ and Co2+, which has been shown to correlate with recent ischemia. We have also developed improved methods for fabricating and testing the PCCA sensors that are applicable to implementing point-of-care sensors for a wide variety of analytes.}
}