?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F7920%2F&rft.title=THE+EFFECT+OF+FRAGMENTATION+ON+THE+ENGINEERING+PROPERTIES+OF+GRANULAR+MATERIALS%3B+LABORATORY+AND+FRACTAL+ANALYSES&rft.creator=Chik%2C+Zamri&rft.description=Granular+materials+forming+part+of+engineering+structures+such+as+rockfill+dams%2C+embankments%2C+the+base+of+flexible+pavements+and+foundations+are+constantly+subjected+to+harsh+environmental+conditions+and+external+forces+including+static+and+dynamic+loads.+As+a+result%2C+these+materials+experience+various+levels+of+fragmentation.+In+this+study%2C+the+levels+of+fragmentation+were+analyzed+from+particle%2Fgrain+size+distribution+(PSD)+plots+before+and+after+fragmentation+as+well+as+the+fractal+dimension+concept+from+fractal+theory.+The+fractal+dimension+concept+was+found+to+evaluate+well+the+fragmentation+induced+in+specimens+of+sands%2C+gravels+and+glass+beads.Tests+on+abrasion+as+a+result+of+peripheral+fragmentation+of+gravels+(5.5+mm.)+were+produced+in+the+laboratory+using+the+Jar+mill+apparatus.+Applying+the+area-perimeter+method+of+fractal+analysis%2C+it+was+found+that+as+the+profile+of+the+particles+becomes+more+rounded+the+fractal+dimension+reduces+in+value.Total+fragmentation+and+crushing+of+granular+specimens+induced+in+test+apparatus+such+as+the+Bromhead+Ring+Shear%2C+Universal+Testing+machine+and+Standard+Proctor+produces+the+PSD+that+evolves+from+a+uniform+to+a+well-graded+condition.+As+a+result%2C+the+fragmentation+fractal+dimension+increases.Changes+in+the+engineering+properties+such+as+the+elastic+moduli%2C+hydraulic+conductivity+and+the+shear+strength+were+also+studied.+Tests+on+the+elastic+moduli+of+the+fragmented+gravels+using+an+ultrasonic+velocity+Pundit+apparatus+indicated+an+increase+in+the+elastic+moduli+as+the+levels+of+fragmentation+were+increased.+Hydraulic+conductivity+tests+indicated+that+the+permeability+of+the+samples+decreased+as+the+levels+of+fragmentation+increased.+Shearing+of+Quartz+sand+(1.6+mm.)+in+the+Ring+Shear+apparatus+indicated+a+decrease+in+the+angle+of+internal+friction+as+the+fragmentation+was+increased.An+investigation+on+the+angle+of+repose+of+binary+mixtures+of+coarse+and+fine+materials+on+a+smooth+glass+base+as+compared+to+that+on+rough+surface+porous+stone+base+was+also+conducted.+A+theoretical+relationship+between+the+angle+of+repose%2C+the+angle+of+internal+friction+and+the+interface+basal+friction+was+developed.+It+was+found+that+the+different+compositions+of+the+binary+mixture+and+the+basal+friction+significantly+influenced+the+angle+of+repose.&rft.date=2004-09-13&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F7920%2F1%2FZamriChik3etd2004.pdf&rft.identifier=++Chik%2C+Zamri++(2004)+THE+EFFECT+OF+FRAGMENTATION+ON+THE+ENGINEERING+PROPERTIES+OF+GRANULAR+MATERIALS%3B+LABORATORY+AND+FRACTAL+ANALYSES.++Doctoral+Dissertation%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++