eprintid: 7218 rev_number: 4 userid: 6 dir: disk0/00/00/72/18 datestamp: 2011-11-10 19:37:44 lastmod: 2016-11-15 13:40:33 status_changed: 2011-11-10 19:37:44 type: thesis_degree metadata_visibility: show contact_email: cps8@pitt.edu item_issues_count: 0 eprint_status: archive creators_name: Schucker, Candice Pauline creators_email: cps8@pitt.edu creators_id: CPS8 title: Evaluation of three on-the-field non-assisted Posterior Shoulder Stretches in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers ispublished: unpub divisions: sch_hrs_healthandrehabsciences full_text_status: public keywords: Baseball; Sleeper Stretch; Warm-Up abstract: Introduction: Shoulder musculoskeletal adaptations commonly occur in baseball pitchers due to repetitive throwing and extremely high shoulder velocities. Some observed adaptations include posterior shoulder tightness (PST) and glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). The static capsular structures and dynamic muscles of the shoulder that are responsible for controlling normal glenohumeral arthrokinematics, must be properly stretched for normal shoulder movement. It is speculated that appropriate posterior shoulder stretching of the glenohumeral joint can decrease the amount of PST in an overhead athlete, help minimize the risk of developing shoulder pathologies, and increase the ability of the overhead athlete to perform. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three on-the-field posterior shoulder stretches among collegiate baseball pitchers. It was hypothesized that the standing sleeper stretch at 90º, sleeper stretch at 45º, and the horizontal cross arm stretch would create acute ROM differences and provide scapular stabilization for increasing shoulder IR ROM and decreasing PST. Methods: Glenohumeral ROM, PST, and scapular kinematics were measured in 15 male collegiate pitchers. All subjects were free of shoulder pain. Each subject performed one posterior shoulder stretch during 3 individual sessions. Glenohumeral ROM and PST were measured using an inclinometer/anthropometer, pre and post stretch while scapular kinematics were assessed using an electromagnetic tracking device during each stretch. Results: The results of this study show that stretching created significant acute increases in glenohumeral IR (p<.0001) and decreases in supine PST (p<.0001) and side-lying PST (p=.012). There were no significant differences between stretches for IR (p=.919), ER (p=.494), Supine PST (p=.536), and Side-lying PST (p=.177). The five scapular kinematic values showed no significant differences among stretches when compared for scapular upward rotation (p=0.066), external rotation (p=0.077), posterior tilting (p=0.101), protraction (p=0.221), and elevation (p=0.228). Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that performing a posterior shoulder stretch for a single session of 3 repeated 30 seconds is adequate to significantly increase acute GH IR ROM and decrease PST. Sufficient scapular stabilization can be achieved when the standing sleeper stretch at 90º, standing sleeper stretch at 45º, and the standing horizontal cross arm stretch are performed correctly. date: 2007-04-24 date_type: completed institution: University of Pittsburgh refereed: TRUE etdcommittee_type: committee_chair etdcommittee_type: committee_member etdcommittee_type: committee_member etdcommittee_name: Myers, Joseph B etdcommittee_name: Oyama, Sakiko etdcommittee_name: Lephart, Scott M etdcommittee_email: myersjb@upmc.edu etdcommittee_email: sao9@pitt.edu etdcommittee_email: lephartsm@upmc.edu etdcommittee_id: etdcommittee_id: SAO9 etdcommittee_id: etd_defense_date: 2007-04-12 etd_approval_date: 2007-04-24 etd_submission_date: 2007-04-16 etd_access_restriction: immediate etd_patent_pending: FALSE assigned_doi: doi:10.5195/pitt.etd.2011.7218 thesis_type: thesis degree: MS committee: Joseph B. Myers, PhD, ATC (myersjb@upmc.edu) - Committee Chair committee: Sakiko Oyama, MS, ATC, CSCS (sao9@pitt.edu) - Committee Member committee: Scott M. Lephart, PhD, ATC (lephartsm@upmc.edu) - Committee Member etdurn: etd-04162007-102117 other_id: http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-04162007-102117/ other_id: etd-04162007-102117 citation: Schucker, Candice Pauline (2007) Evaluation of three on-the-field non-assisted Posterior Shoulder Stretches in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers. Master's Thesis, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished) document_url: http://d-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu/7218/1/SchuckerCP_2007.pdf