?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F7218%2F&rft.title=Evaluation+of+three+on-the-field+non-assisted+Posterior+Shoulder+Stretches+in+Collegiate+Baseball+Pitchers&rft.creator=Schucker%2C+Candice+Pauline&rft.description=Introduction%3A+Shoulder+musculoskeletal+adaptations+commonly+occur+in+baseball+pitchers+due+to+repetitive+throwing+and+extremely+high+shoulder+velocities.+Some+observed+adaptations+include+posterior+shoulder+tightness+(PST)+and+glenohumeral+internal+rotation+deficit+(GIRD).+The+static+capsular+structures+and+dynamic+muscles+of+the+shoulder+that+are+responsible+for+controlling+normal+glenohumeral+arthrokinematics%2C+must+be+properly+stretched+for+normal+shoulder+movement.+It+is+speculated+that+appropriate+posterior+shoulder+stretching+of+the+glenohumeral+joint+can+decrease+the+amount+of+PST+in+an+overhead+athlete%2C+help+minimize+the+risk+of+developing+shoulder+pathologies%2C+and+increase+the+ability+of+the+overhead+athlete+to+perform.+The+purpose+of+this+study+was+to+evaluate+three+on-the-field+posterior+shoulder+stretches+among+collegiate+baseball+pitchers.+It+was+hypothesized+that+the+standing+sleeper+stretch+at+90%C2%BA%2C+sleeper+stretch+at+45%C2%BA%2C+and+the+horizontal+cross+arm+stretch+would+create+acute+ROM+differences+and+provide+scapular+stabilization+for+increasing+shoulder+IR+ROM+and+decreasing+PST.+Methods%3A+Glenohumeral+ROM%2C+PST%2C+and+scapular+kinematics+were+measured+in+15+male+collegiate+pitchers.+All+subjects+were+free+of+shoulder+pain.+Each+subject+performed+one+posterior+shoulder+stretch+during+3+individual+sessions.+Glenohumeral+ROM+and+PST+were+measured+using+an+inclinometer%2Fanthropometer%2C+pre+and+post+stretch+while+scapular+kinematics+were+assessed+using+an+electromagnetic+tracking+device+during+each+stretch.+Results%3A+The+results+of+this+study+show+that+stretching+created+significant+acute+increases+in+glenohumeral+IR+(p%3C.0001)+and+decreases+in+supine+PST+(p%3C.0001)+and+side-lying+PST+(p%3D.012).+There+were+no+significant+differences+between+stretches+for+IR+(p%3D.919)%2C+ER+(p%3D.494)%2C+Supine+PST+(p%3D.536)%2C+and+Side-lying+PST+(p%3D.177).+The+five+scapular+kinematic+values+showed+no+significant+differences+among+stretches+when+compared+for+scapular+upward+rotation+(p%3D0.066)%2C+external+rotation+(p%3D0.077)%2C+posterior+tilting+(p%3D0.101)%2C+protraction+(p%3D0.221)%2C+and+elevation+(p%3D0.228).+Conclusions%3A+This+study+has+demonstrated+that+performing+a+posterior+shoulder+stretch+for+a+single+session+of+3+repeated+30+seconds+is+adequate+to+significantly+increase+acute+GH+IR+ROM+and+decrease+PST.+Sufficient+scapular+stabilization+can+be+achieved+when+the+standing+sleeper+stretch+at+90%C2%BA%2C+standing+sleeper+stretch+at+45%C2%BA%2C+and+the+standing+horizontal+cross+arm+stretch+are+performed+correctly.&rft.date=2007-04-24&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F7218%2F1%2FSchuckerCP_2007.pdf&rft.identifier=++Schucker%2C+Candice+Pauline++(2007)+Evaluation+of+three+on-the-field+non-assisted+Posterior+Shoulder+Stretches+in+Collegiate+Baseball+Pitchers.++Master's+Thesis%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++