?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F6517%2F&rft.title=Biological+Nitrification+within+the+fouling+layer+of+Cross-Flow+Micro-Filtration&rft.creator=Miller%2C+Charles+Justin&rft.description=With+the+fouling+layer+being+established+in+most+membrane+filtration+applications%2C+a+study+of+the+possible+benefits+of+the+fouling+layer+was+researched.+This+investigation+was+aimed+at+the+determination+of+a+viable+nitrifying+biofilm+within+the+fouling+layer+of+membrane+filtration+which+could+oxidize+ammonia.+The+membrane+used+was+a+0.2+%C2%B5m+ceramic+tubular+membrane+used+in+cross-flow+operation.+Nitrifying+organisms+were+inoculated+into+a+bench+top+filtration+apparatus+to+oxidize+ammonia+and+the+corresponding+rates+of+ammonia+oxidation+were+determined+in+two+different+operating+modes.+A+%22filtering+mode%22+included+the+process+of+membrane+filtration+by+enabling+filtration+and+%22a+non-filtering+mode%22+established+the+ammonia+oxidation+rate+occurring+in+the+apparatus+without+the+process+of+filtration.+The+comparison+of+the+two+modes+showed+a+significant+increase+in+the+oxidation+rate+of+the+filtering+mode.+The+ammonia+oxidation+rates+seen+in+the+six+experimental+runs+corresponding+to+the+surface+of+the+membrane+were%3A+0.94%2C+2.38%2C+3.81%2C+3.14%2C+6.24%2C+and+9.30+(mg%2Fl-hr-m2)+compared+to+the+internal+surface+of+the+bench+top+apparatus+which+were%3A+0.12%2C+0.12%2C+0.12%2C+0.11%2C+0.20%2C+and+0.29+(mg%2Fl-hr-m2)+respective+to+each+run.+The+differences+in+ammonia+oxidation+rate+suggests+that+not+only+will+viable+nitrifying+organisms+grow+within+the+fouling+layer+of+a+membrane+they+will+grow+at+rate+approximately+20+times+faster+than+that+seen+occurring+on+the+internal+surface+of+the+bench+top+apparatus.+Also+discussed+in+the+research+is+the+ammonia+oxidation+rate+as+a+function+of+cross-flow+velocity+and+trans-membrane+pressure.+Varying+the+cross-flow+velocity+and+trans-membrane+pressure+suggested+that+the+organisms+on+the+membrane+surface+may+actually+be+undergoing+nitrification+from+the+influent+end+of+the+membrane+to+effluent+end+of+the+membrane.&rft.date=2004-09-13&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F6517%2F1%2Fcharles_miller_28_july.pdf&rft.identifier=++Miller%2C+Charles+Justin++(2004)+Biological+Nitrification+within+the+fouling+layer+of+Cross-Flow+Micro-Filtration.++Master's+Thesis%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++