eprintid: 36244
rev_number: 45
userid: 8513
dir: disk0/00/03/62/44
datestamp: 2019-06-20 19:47:48
lastmod: 2019-06-20 19:47:48
status_changed: 2019-06-20 19:47:48
type: thesis_degree
metadata_visibility: show
contact_email: KEF75@pitt.edu
eprint_status: archive
creators_name: Fike, Kendal
creators_email: KEF75@pitt.edu
creators_id: KEF75
title: The oral microbiome and subclinical herpesvirus shedding in HIV infected men on ART
ispublished: unpub
divisions: sch_gsph_infectiousdiseasesmicrobiology
full_text_status: public
keywords: oral microbiome HIV herpesvirus subshedding ART MSM
abstract: Despite undetectable plasma HIV load and CD4 counts reconstitution due to the effective Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) people living with HIV (PWH) are still at a higher risk for developing non-AIDS-associated chronic diseases, which have been linked to systemic immune activation and inflammation. Human microbiota composed of bacteria, viruses and fungi plays an important role in the induction and function of the host immune system and the symbiosis and dysbiosis of fecal and/or oral microbiome have both the local and systemic effects on the immune system. We hypothesize that oral microbiome dysbiosis of PWH leads to systemic immune activation and contributes to non-AIDS-associated chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the oral microbiome of PWH on ART is associated with levels of systemic immune activation and oral herpesvirus shedding. Thirteen HIV-infected participants on ART and 11 age matched HIV-negative controls participated in this study. Two oral samples with 6-month intervals were collected from each participant. The DNA was isolated from the samples, and the 16S rRNA V4 region was amplified of the DNA by PCR followed by sequencing using Illumina MiSeq platform. The sequence data were analyzed using Qiime2 and statistical analysis was performed by Stata. The results show there were no statistically significant differences in alpha diversity and beta diversity of oral bacteria at family level between PWH on ART and negative controls at both week 0 and week 24 time points, respectively. There are also no significant correlations between alpha diversity of oral bacteria and plasma inflammatory cytokine levels generated from the previous study. However, when the data were analyzed with herpesvirus shedding, which was obtained from a previous study using the same oral samples, alpha diversity of oral bacteria was significantly decreased in participants with HHV6 shedding compared to those who had no HHV6 shedding regardless of HIV status. In addition, the beta diversity of oral bacteria is also significantly different based on HHV6 shedding status in these oral samples. The same phenomena were not observed based on EBV, CMV or HHV8 shedding status. Our results suggest there may be intricate interplays in the oral microbiome. Future studies with a larger number of participants in each group are needed to determine the role of the oral microbiome in the systemic immune activation observed in PWH on ART. Among PWH on ART, a significant public health concern exists regarding the role of oral microbiome effect on immune activation. There is an imperative need for research to lead to a better treatment strategy concerning non-AIDS chronic diseases in this population.
date: 2019-06-20
date_type: published
pages: 41
institution: University of Pittsburgh
refereed: TRUE
etdcommittee_type: committee_chair
etdcommittee_type: committee_member
etdcommittee_type: committee_member
etdcommittee_name: Chen, Yue
etdcommittee_name: Martinson, Jeremy
etdcommittee_name: Macatangay, Bernard
etdcommittee_email: Cheny@pitt.edu
etdcommittee_email: jmartins@pitt.edu
etdcommittee_email: macatangaybj@upmc.edu
etd_defense_date: 2019-04-16
etd_approval_date: 2019-06-20
etd_submission_date: 2019-04-04
etd_release_date: 2019-06-20
etd_access_restriction: immediate
etd_patent_pending: FALSE
thesis_type: thesis
degree: MPH
citation:   Fike, Kendal  (2019) The oral microbiome and subclinical herpesvirus shedding in HIV infected men on ART.  Master's Thesis, University of Pittsburgh.    (Unpublished)  
document_url: http://d-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu/36244/1/FikeKendal_MPHThesis_April2019.pdf