relation: http://d-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu/34396/ title: Comprehensive recommendations for improving the healthcare experience of transgender and gender-expansive individuals creator: Borowicz, Charlie description: This paper presents a comprehensive summary of the literature surrounding transgender primary and preventive healthcare and recommendations for professional medical staff and researchers. The public health significance of this issue is that there are an estimated 1.2 million transgender adults living in the United States at the time of this research. Formal epidemiological measurements of the population as well as the incidence and prevalence of gender dysphoria throughout the life course are missing from the literature. Transgender patients face a unique combination of healthcare access barriers and therefore are less likely than the general population to seek treatment. Access barriers include personal attitudes and beliefs, interpersonal interactions resulting in discrimination, and structural barriers such as lack of insurance coverage. Delays in primary and preventive medical care are associated with poorer health outcomes across all populations. Because of their unique vulnerabilities, transgender patients require medical care that is comprehensive and sensitive to the needs of individuals who are transgender. Rigorous research and improved medical practices can offset the minority stress and associated medical concerns faced by this community in the long-term. date: 2018-06-28 type: University of Pittsburgh ETD type: PeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://d-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu/34396/1/BorowiczC_thesis_4_2018.pdf identifier: Borowicz, Charlie (2018) Comprehensive recommendations for improving the healthcare experience of transgender and gender-expansive individuals. Master's Thesis, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)