?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F22527%2F&rft.title=Identifying+Critical+Watersheds+and+Streams+due+to+Accidental+Spills+from+Unconventional+Drilling+Sites&rft.creator=Han%2C+Yue&rft.description=The+Marcellus+Shale+is+a+marine+sedimentary+rock+formation+that+has+attracted+many+drilling+operators+to+extract+natural+gas.+Hydraulic+fracturing+is+the+major+gas+recovery+technique+used+today%2C+but+it+produces+large+amount+of+fluid+wastes+that+may+potentially+pollute+water+bodies.+One+of+the+major+risks+is+identified+as+water+contamination+by+accidental+spills+of+shale+gas+wastes.+Therefore%2C+it+is+extremely+important+to+understand+how+contaminants+can+travel+from+drilling+sites+into+streams%2C+and+to+identify+and+quantify+risks+of+stream+contamination.+To+this+end%2C+there+are+four+objectives+in+this+study%3A+(1)+delineate+surface+pathways+from+drilling+sites+to+nearby+streams%2C+(2)+quantify+pollutant+travel+time+based+on+the+physical+characteristic+variations+across+the+geography+of+Pennsylvania%2C+(3)+identify+critical+watersheds+that+are+under+high+risk+for+spill+occurrence%2C+and+(4)+carry+out+environmental+monitoring+of+critical+watershed.+Geographic+Information+System+(GIS)+is+utilized+for+spatial+analyses.+The+Analytic+Hierarchy+Process+(AHP)+was+applied+to+introduce+weight+distribution+among+influencing+factors+such+as+land+cover%2C+soil+type+and+slope.+The+cost+path+analysis+delineates+travel+pathways+and+areas+around+shale+gas+drilling+sites+with+cheapest+pollutant+travel+cost+for+the+entire+Pennsylvania.+Travel+times+are+calculated+by+using+these+cost+paths.+Results+identify+areas+where+the+contaminants+can+potentially+travel+in+a+short+time+into+nearby+stream+network.+Based+on+this+analysis%2C+critical+HUC-10+watersheds+are+identified+with+potential+risk+of+contaminating+water+bodies+and+should+be+considered+for+further+analysis+of+their+water+quality+and+stream+importance.+Herein%2C+for+the+purpose+of+environmental+monitoring+of+critical+watershed%2C+two+of+them+are+chosen%3A+(1)+South+Fork+Tenmile+in+the+southwest+PA%2C+(2)+Tioga+River+in+the+northeast+PA.+Future+work+will+include+using+the+Hydrologic+Engineering+Center's+River+Analysis+System+(HEC-RAS)+for+modeling+contaminant+transport+and+the+application+of+the+Baseline+Streamflow+Estimator+(BaSE)+and+the+StreamStats+program+to+obtain+water+discharges+for+ungauged+streams%2C+typically+found+in+PA.+This+framework+will+be+able+to+provide+useful+information+for+sensor+placement%2C+water+surface+management+and+monitoring+for+critical+watersheds+and+streams.&rft.date=2014-09-19&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F22527%2F1%2FHanetd.pdf&rft.identifier=++Han%2C+Yue++(2014)+Identifying+Critical+Watersheds+and+Streams+due+to+Accidental+Spills+from+Unconventional+Drilling+Sites.++Master's+Thesis%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++