?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F21068%2F&rft.title=An+Analysis+of+the+Design+Requirements+Affecting+Water+Discharges+through+Strata+from+Below+Drainage+Abandoned+Mines&rft.creator=Himes%2C+Patrick&rft.description=The+mining+industry+is+required+to+prevent+post-mining+discharges+through+appropriate+design+and+engineering+considerations.++The+state+and+federal+governments+are+responsible+for+making+sure+standards+are+maintained+and+followed.++In+recent+years%2C+both+the+mining+industry+and+the+government+regulators+have+focused+on+the+ability+of+strata+barriers+to+prevent+discharges+from+mine+pools+into+surface+waters.++Strata+barriers+comprise+the+rock+layers+between+the+coal+mine+pool+and+the+overlying+stream%3B+however%2C+in+Northern+Appalachia%2C+the+strata+can+contain+iron+and+acid+producing+geochemistries.++As+a+result%2C+water+that+comes+into+contact+with+these+rocks+has+the+potential+to+become+impaired.++The+strata+beneath+stream+valleys+are+also+generally+known+to+have+increased+frequencies+of+fractures+in+this+region+(Ferguson%2C+1967).++The+hydraulic+head+that+is+produced+by+the+mine+pool+provides+a+discharge+potential+through+surrounding+layers+of+rock.++When+the+mine+pool+elevation+is+greater+than+the+lowest+elevations+on+the+surface%2C+a+%E2%80%9Cnet+head%E2%80%9D+is+placed+on+the+barrier+which+creates+discharge+potential.++As+a+result%2C+it+is+important+to+understand+the+movement+of+mine+pool+water+through+the+strata+above+abandoned+mine+workings+and+establish+design+factors+to+prevent+potential+discharges+into+streams.%0D%0A%09Several+below+drainage+strata+barriers+were+analyzed+in+this+study.++The+primary+objective+is+to+determine+how+geology%2C+overburden+properties%2C+hydraulic+head%2C+and+mine+layout+impact+the+ability+of+abandoned+mine+workings+below+drainage+to+contain+a+mine+pool+and+prevent+discharges+after+production+has+concluded.++Specific+conditions+are+monitored+to+distinguish+the+primary+design+differences+between+barriers+that+discharge+water+through+overlying+strata+and+successful+ones+that+prevent+discharges+to+the+surface+or+into+streams.++Multiple+case+studies+in+western+Pennsylvania+are+analyzed%2C+providing+examples+of+situations+where+strata+barriers+are+involved+in+post-mining+drainage+potential+where+mine+pool+elevations+exceed+the+lowest+elevations+at+the+surface.++Many+factors+are+examined+to+determine+the+conditions+associated+with+successful+design+properties+that+minimize+discharges.++Standards+for+optimal+mine+design+are+presented+via+analysis+of+design+characteristics+and+associated+potential+discharges.++Ultimately%2C+this+work+clarifies+the+factors+responsible+for+successful+and+unsuccessful+designs+of+strata+barriers+that+prevent+a+discharge+to+surface+waters.%0D%0A&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F21068%2F1%2Fhimespg_etdPitt2014.pdf&rft.identifier=++Himes%2C+Patrick++(2014)+An+Analysis+of+the+Design+Requirements+Affecting+Water+Discharges+through+Strata+from+Below+Drainage+Abandoned+Mines.++Master's+Thesis%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++