?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F18721%2F&rft.title=Improving+Construction+Processes+by+Integrating+Lean%2C+Green%2C+and+Six-Sigma&rft.creator=Banawi%2C+Abdulaziz&rft.description=The+overall+goal+of+this+research+was+to+develop+and+implement+methods+to+improve+the+performance+and+the+efficiency+of+construction+processes+prior+to+and+during+the+construction+phase+in+Design-Bid-Build+(DBB)+projects.+In+order+to+accomplish+these+goals%2C+the+three+methods+Lean%2C+Green%2C+and+Six-Sigma+were+implemented+in+two+different+scenarios+and+validated+by+different+case+studies.+%0D%0AFirst%2C+a+framework+was+developed+that+integrated+the+three+methods+Lean%2C+Green%2C+and+Six-Sigma+with+an+overall+layout+of+the+Define%2C+Measure%2C+Analyze%2C+Improve%2C+and+Control+(DMAIC)+improvement+model.+The+framework+was+then+validated+via+a+construction+process+of+installation+of+pile+caps+for+an+educational+institute+during+the+construction+phase+in+Pittsburgh.+The+framework+highlighted+two+issues+with+the+pile+caps+construction+process.+First%2C+disparate+quantities+of+materials+(purchased+and+installed)+were+determined.+Second%2C+the+pile+caps+construction+process+took+a+total+time+of+54+business+days+while+it+could+have+been+completed+in+30+business+days.+Using+life+cycle+assessment%2C+environmental+impacts+of+the+pile+cap+construction+process+were+analyzed+and+results+showed+that+major+environmental+impacts+including+global+warming+potential%2C+release+of+carcinogenics%2C+negative+respiratory+effects%2C+ozone+depletion%2C+and+ecotoxcity+could+result+from+the+materials+used+for+the+process.+Next%2C+the+root+causes+behind+waste+generation+were+determined+via+developing+and+administrating+a+questionnaire+to+a+local+construction+company.+%0D%0ASecond%2C+the+previously+developed+framework+was+further+validated+and+applied+to+a+residential+development+project+in+Saudi+Arabia.+The+construction+sector+has+been+growing+rapidly+in+Saudi+Arabia%3B+however%2C+the+quality+of+Saudi+Arabian+construction+is+decreasing%2C+resulting+in+excess+waste+generation+and+associated+environmental+impacts.++This+case+study+examined+a+project+with+53+residential+units+overall+but+only+10+units+acceptable+at+final+inspection.+The+largest+quality+issue+was+determined+to+be+exterior+paint+blistering.+Using+the+developed+framework%2C+defective+units+were+investigated+through+a+field+examination%2C+narrowing+down+the+causes+of+the+blistering+applying+the+Pareto+method+as+follows%3A+Inadequate+method%2C+untrained+workers%2C+weather%2C+and+others.+Next%2C+the+Process+improvement+tool+was+applied+to+reduce+the+blistering+causes+and+to+improve+the+current+process.++A+new+method+designed+and+applied+to+a+separate+residential+unit+for+validation.+The+modified+method+showed+a+great+improvement+and+in+the+end+the+unit+was+able+to+pass+inspection.+++++%0D%0AFinally%2C+building+on+the+previous+case+studies%2C+the+framework+was+later+refined+with+the+goal+of+applying+it+earlier+in+a+project%2C+prior+to+construction%2C+to+further+reduce+potential+waste+generation+and+associated+environmental+impacts.++Using+Lean+Green%2C+and+Six-Sigma+(LG6)+and+adopting+the+same+improvement+model%2C+DMAIC%2C+the+owner+can+evaluate+all+steps+separately+in+the+process%2C+addressing+all+resources+consumed+and+analyzing+environmental+impacts+which+might+be+generated%3B+this+highlights+potential+waste+and+so+can+help+the+owner+avoid+waste+occurrence+by+indicating+where+the+process+needs+to+be+amended+to+create+less+environmental+impact+and+more+efficiency.+For+this+research%2C+the+model+was+used+to+help+evaluate+the+construction+process+for+the+installation+of+160+woodpiles.+The+model+identified+that+four+steps+out+of+eight+were+considered+as+non-adding+value+steps+or+waste.+Three+steps+out+of+four+non-adding+value+steps+were+involved+with+moving+down%2C+moving+around%2C+and+setting+up+the+equipment.+The+remaining+wasteful+step+was+cutting+to+length+all+installed+woodpiles.+The+model+showed+that+if+these+steps+were+replaced%2C+eliminated+or+planned+well%2C+environmental+impacts+would+be+reduced+by+9%25+and+expenses+by+1%25.++%0D%0A&rft.date=2013-09-25&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F18721%2F1%2FBanawiA_etdPitt2013.pdf&rft.identifier=++Banawi%2C+Abdulaziz++(2013)+Improving+Construction+Processes+by+Integrating+Lean%2C+Green%2C+and+Six-Sigma.++Doctoral+Dissertation%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++