?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F16613%2F&rft.title=Integrating+Spatial+Implications+into+Solving+Life-Cycle+Challenges+of+Biofuels+and+Industrial+Symbiosis&rft.creator=Niblick%2C+Briana&rft.description=Biofuels+have+demonstrated+great+promise+for+global+energy+production.+In+the+United+States%2C+the+Renewable+Fuel+Standard+(RFS2)+of+the+Energy+Independence+and+Security+Act+of+2007+(EISA)+calls+for+the+production+of+15.2+billion+gallons+of+renewable+fuels+per+year+by+2013%2C+1.28+billion+gallons+of+which+need+to+be+biomass-based+diesel.+Increased+biofuel+production+can+help+meet+rising+energy+demands%2C+however+most+biofuel+production+processes+are+land-+and+nutrient-intensive%2C+and+must+be+managed+throughout+the+life+cycle+to+ensure+sustainability.%0D%0A++++%0D%0A++++The+goal+of+this+dissertation+was+to+evaluate+industrial+symbiosis+as+a+sustainable+approach+to+U.S.+biofuel+and+energy+production+by+creating+a+framework+using+GIS+that+integrates+the+spatial+implications+of+land+and+nutrient+supply.+Defined+by+the+synergistic+collaboration+of+industries+enabled+by+geographic+proximity%2C+industrial+symbiosis+is+a+key+element+in+resource+conservation%2C+as+it+uses+traditionally+defined+waste+outputs+as+resource+inputs.%0D%0A%0D%0A++++Four+systems+were+examined+in+this+dissertation%3A+a+coupled+wastewater-power+plant+system%2C+a+sunflower+biodiesel+production+system+using+urban+marginal+land%2C+a+national+biodiesel+production+system+using+contaminated+waste+sites%2C+and+an+algal+biodiesel+production+system+using+wastewater+and+waste+CO2.+Results+from+the+wastewater-power+plant+system+indicated+that+secondary-treated+wastewater+can+provide+cooling+water+to+power+plants%2C+however+traditional+metrics+and+tools+used+to+evaluate+sustainability+are+inadequate+for+such+complexity.+Spatial+assessment+is+needed+to+efficiently+design+transportation+and+conveyance+within+the+system.%0D%0A%0D%0A++++Two+land-identification+frameworks+were+created+using+GIS+to+identify+regional+and+national+%E2%80%9Cwaste%E2%80%9D+lands%2C+or+marginal+lands%2C+and+to+evaluate+these+lands+for+sunflower%2C+soybean%2C+and+algal+biodiesel+production.+A+nutrient-availability+framework+was+also+created+to+identify+synergistic+opportunities+for+algal+biodiesel+production.+While+regional+production+of+sunflower+biodiesel+generated+trivial+contributions+to+the+RFS2%2C+marginal+sites+at+the+national+level+could+meet+7+to+19%25+of+the+RFS2%2C+depending+on+the+distribution+of+feedstocks.+Algal+biodiesel+produced+using+waste+CO2+and+wastewater+could+meet+0.3%25+to+17%25+of+the+RFS2%2C+depending+on+the+nutrient+concentration+of+the+wastewater.+These+ranges+highlight+spatial+variability+of+results+and+emphasize+the+benefit+of+GIS+in+life-cycle+sustainability+studies.&rft.date=2013-01-31&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F16613%2F1%2FNiblickB_ETD2012.pdf&rft.identifier=++Niblick%2C+Briana++(2013)+Integrating+Spatial+Implications+into+Solving+Life-Cycle+Challenges+of+Biofuels+and+Industrial+Symbiosis.++Doctoral+Dissertation%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++