?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=01.9000%2F316&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F16552%2F&rft.title=Homophobic+Attitudes+and+Stigma+Toward+Gay+Men+and+Lesbians+in+the+Caribbean%3A+A+Systematic+Review+of+the+Literature&rft.creator=Martin-Mack%2C+Carol+J.&rft.description=Violent+acts+against+gay+men+and+lesbians+are+common+in+the+Caribbean%2C+including+rape+and+assault.++Widespread+violence+and+attacks+against+homosexuals+have+prompted+a+human+rights+group+to+confer+on+one+Caribbean+country%2C+Jamaica%2C+the+distinction+of+being+the+most+homophobic+place+on+earth.+Homophobic+ideology+and+stigma+toward+gay+men+and+lesbians+in+the+Caribbean+can+be+observed+in+the+interactions+of+various+institutions+such+as+the+church%2C+the+health+care+system%2C+the+laws%2C+the+police%2C+the+government%2C+formal+culture+(e.g.%2C+newspapers)%2C+and+popular+culture+(e.g.%2C+music).++This+master%E2%80%99s+thesis+is+based+on+a+review+of+literature+concerning+homophobic+attitudes+and+stigma+toward+gay+men+and+lesbians+in+the+Caribbean%2C+including%3A+British+colonial+laws+known+as+%E2%80%9CSodomy+and+Buggery%E2%80%9D+laws%2C+newspaper+articles%2C+dancehall+music%2C+and+calypso+music.+This+literature+analysis+will+assess+the+public+health+impact+of+such+attitudes+and+stigma%2C+particularly+how+stigmatization+from+community+members+leads+gay+men+and+lesbians+into+hiding+because+of+their+sexual+behavior.++Also%2C+this+thesis+explores+other+public+health+issues+related+to+gay+men+and+lesbians%2C+including%3A+isolation+in+the+community%2C+alienation+from+family+members%2C+depression%2C+emotional+distress%2C+physical+torture%2C+murder%2C+and+negative+health+outcomes+of+being+stigmatized.&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F16552%2F1%2FMartin-MackC_Thesis2012.pdf&rft.identifier=++Martin-Mack%2C+Carol+J.++(2012)+Homophobic+Attitudes+and+Stigma+Toward+Gay+Men+and+Lesbians+in+the+Caribbean%3A+A+Systematic+Review+of+the+Literature.++Master's+Thesis%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmartinjournal.com%2F2012%2F1%2F&rft.relation=01.9000%2F316