?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F16406%2F&rft.title=USE+OF+CHLORINE%2C+CHLORAMINE%2C+OR+CHLORINE+DIOXIDE+TO+CONTROL+BIOLOGICAL+GROWTH+IN+POWER+PLANT+RECIRCULATING+COOLING+SYSTEMS+USING+TREATED+MUNICIPAL+WASTEWATER&rft.creator=Chien%2C+Shih-Hsiang&rft.description=Cooling+water+deficiency+due+to+limited+freshwater+sources+posed+an+obstacle+of+expending+current+thermoelectric+power+generation+in+the+U.S.+and+has+led+the+power+industry+to+seek+an+alternative+water+resource+to+meet+its+cooling+water+requirement.+Of+all+the+potential+alternatives%2C+secondary+treated+municipal+wastewater+is+prominent+because+of+its+vast+allocation+and+abundant+quantity.+However%2C+the+impaired+water+quality+and+unique+environment+make+the+cooling+tower+management+more+challenging.+Therefore%2C+prudent+water+quality+management+with+chemicals+is+required+to+prevent+corrosion%2C+scaling%2C+and+biological+growth+in+the+cooling+systems.%0D%0A%09This+study+focused+on+the+understanding+of+the+kinetic%2C+effectiveness%2C+and+dosage+requirement+of+chlorine-based+biocides+(chlorine%2C+chloramine+and+chlorine+dioxide)+in+the+recirculating+cooling+systems+using+treated+municipal+wastewater+as+makeup.+Laboratory-scale+studies+and+pilot-scale+cooling+systems+were+used+to+evaluate+the+biological+growth+under+realistic+conditions+associated+with+full-scale+cooling+systems.+Results+of+30-day+field+tests+indicated+that+the+pilot-scale+cooling+towers+developed+in+this+study+are+reliable+for+evaluating+different+chemical+regimes+by+maintaining+steady+cooling+performance+under+various+operating+conditions.%0D%0A%09Direct+use+of+secondary+treated+effluent+for+cooling+water+is+a+feasible+option+when+using+monochloramine+as+major+biocide.+The+low+oxidizing+ability+of+monochloramine+resulted+in+a+high+residence+time+and+high+penetrating+ability%2C+and+thus+provided+better+biocidal+effectiveness+against+planktonic+and+sessile+heterotrophic+bacteria+and+Legionella+in+recirculating+cooling+systems.+A+minimum+monochloramine+residual+above+3+mg%2FL+in+the+recirculating+cooling+water+is+needed+for+proper+biological+growth+control+with+this+impaired+water.%0D%0A%09Biological+growth+potential+is+comparable+in+secondary+treated+effluent+subjected+to+different+tertiary+treatment+(i.e.%2C+nitrification%2C+sand+filtration%2C+activated+carbon+adsorption)+regardless+of+total+organic+carbon+concentration+in+the+wastewater.+The+performance+of+monochloramine+was+optimized+when+the+secondary+treated+effluent+was+subjected+to+nitrification+and+sand+filtration.%0D%0A%09The+key+findings+of+this+study+indicate+that+biological+growth+can+be+controlled+in+cooling+systems+using+treated+municipal+effluents+as+makeup.+The+biocide+regime+demonstrated+in+this+study+offers+a+useful+guideline+to+meet+biological+growth+control+criteria+in+recirculating+cooling+systems.&rft.date=2013-01-31&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F16406%2F7%2FChienSH_ETDPITT2012.pdf&rft.identifier=++Chien%2C+Shih-Hsiang++(2013)+USE+OF+CHLORINE%2C+CHLORAMINE%2C+OR+CHLORINE+DIOXIDE+TO+CONTROL+BIOLOGICAL+GROWTH+IN+POWER+PLANT+RECIRCULATING+COOLING+SYSTEMS+USING+TREATED+MUNICIPAL+WASTEWATER.++Doctoral+Dissertation%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++