%0 Journal Article
%A Konduru, NV
%A Tyurina, YY
%A Feng, W
%A Basova, LV
%A Belikova, NA
%A Bayir, H
%A Clark, K
%A Rubin, M
%A Stolz, D
%A Vallhov, H
%A Scheynius, A
%A Witasp, E
%A Fadeel, B
%A Kichambare, PD
%A Star, A
%A Kisin, ER
%A Murray, AR
%A Shvedova, AA
%A Kagan, VE
%D 2009
%F pittir:13101
%J PLoS ONE
%N 2
%T Phosphatidylserine targets single-walled carbon nanotubes to professional phagocytes in vitro and in vivo
%U http://d-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu/13101/
%V 4
%X Broad applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) dictate the necessity to better understand their health effects. Poor recognition of non-functionalized SWCNT by phagocytes is prohibitive towards controlling their biological-action. We report that SWCNT coating with a phospholipid "eat-me" signal, phosphatidylserine (PS), makes them recognizable in vitro by different phagocytic cells - murine RAW264.7 macrophages, primary monocyte-derived human macrophages, dendritic cells, and rat brain microglia. Macrophage uptake of PS-coated nanotubes was suppressed by the PS-binding protein, Annexin V, and endocytosis inhibitors, and changed the pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Loading of PS-coated SWCNT with pro-apoptotic cargo (cytochrome c) allowed for the targeted killing of RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo aspiration of PS-coated SWCNT stimulated their uptake by lung alveolar macrophages in mice. Thus, PS-coating can be utilized for targeted delivery of SWCNT with specified cargoes into professional phagocytes, hence for therapeutic regulation of specific populations of immune-competent cells.