?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F11703%2F&rft.title=Defining+Dendritic+Cells+and+Macrophages+in+Lymph+Nodes+and+Gut+Mucosa+During+Simian+Immunodeficiency+Virus+Infection&rft.creator=Swan%2C+Zachary+Duane+Jameson&rft.description=The+gut+mucosa+is+an+important+site+of+virus+replication+and+immune+activation+in+individuals+infected+with+human+immunodeficiency+virus+(HIV)%2C+but+the+impact+of+infection+on+innate+immune+cells+within+the+gut+and+gut-draining+mesenteric+lymph+nodes+(LN)+is+ill-defined.++To+address+this+gap+in+knowledge%2C+we+studied+rhesus+macaques+infected+with+pathogenic+simian+immunodeficiency+virus+(SIV)%2C+which+is+a+highly+relevant+model+of+HIV+infection+and+AIDS.++We+analyzed+macrophage%2C+myeloid+dendritic+cell+(mDC)%2C+and+plasmacytoid+dendritic+cell+(pDC)+subsets+in+LN+and+terminal+ileum+samples+taken+from+naive+rhesus+macaques+and+macaques+infected+with+SIVmac251+with+and+without+antiretroviral+therapy+(ART)+to+reduce+virus+load.++CD163-CD68%2B+macrophages+did+not+fluctuate+with+disease%2C+while+putative+anti-inflammatory+CD163%2BCD68%2B+macrophages+were+significantly+increased+in+mesenteric+and+peripheral+LN%2C+which+may+be+suggestive+of+the+host%E2%80%99s+attempt+to+repress+inflammation.++CD11c%2B+mDC+and+CD123%2B+pDC+in+peripheral+LN+exhibited+a+modest+decrease+during+acute+SIV+infection+and+AIDS.++Lastly%2C+we+determined+the+percentage+of+CD103%2B+DC%2C+which+have+been+shown+to+induce+regulatory+T+cell+(Treg)+differentiation+in+mesenteric+LN+and+imprint+Treg+with+gut-homing+markers.++CD103+was+expressed+on+31%25+of+mDC+in+mesenteric+LN+of+healthy+macaques+and+a+similar+proportion+of+mDC+in+SIV-infected+animals+receiving+therapy%2C+whereas+CD103%2B+mDC+were+depleted+in+untreated+SIV+infection%2C+suggesting+a+role+for+CD103%2B+mDC+loss+in+altering+Treg+homeostasis.++Our+results+highlight+the+complexity+of+the+innate+immune+response+to+SIV+in+mucosal+tissues+and+point+to+contributions+of+macrophages+and+DC+in+virus+control+and+AIDS+pathogenesis.++These+findings+could+lead+to+discoveries+of+novel+innate+immune+therapeutic+targets+and+therefore+have+significant+public+health+value.++&rft.date=2012-09-21&rft.type=University+of+Pittsburgh+ETD&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fd-scholarship-dev.library.pitt.edu%2F11703%2F1%2FZDJSWAN_MS_THESIS.pdf&rft.identifier=++Swan%2C+Zachary+Duane+Jameson++(2012)+Defining+Dendritic+Cells+and+Macrophages+in+Lymph+Nodes+and+Gut+Mucosa+During+Simian+Immunodeficiency+Virus+Infection.++Master's+Thesis%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh.++++(Unpublished)++